Barnsley Family History Society

Henry Bradwardine Jackson

Cynthia Dillon

Some of the members present at our October 1993 meeting, a question and answer session, may have noticed my ears prick up when Mrs Kathleen Wright, our membership secretary, said she had been scanning the 1881 Naval Census records for any reference to local men. She had found one Lieutenant, born Barnsley, aged 26, serving in V Agincourt (presumably the V refers to Queen Victoria), one Henry B. Jackson. Members may have noticed my rising excitement when Mr Cooper, a fount of local knowledge, said that he would Henry B. Jackson, Admiral of the Fleet during the 1st World War and the son of William Jackson of Beevor Hall.

Now, I knew that William Jackson's son Henry, had followed him into the linen trade. I knew, because Henry Jackson had married Jane, daughter of Charles Tee, a branch of my husbands family. However, Henry and Jane had baptised a son, Henry Bradwardine Jackson (Bradwartline according to the baptismal register and Bradwardine according to 'Who's Who'). The last reference I had to this young man was as a scholar, at home at the rectory in Darfield. How did a boy born just about as far from the sea as it is possible to get in England, choose the Navy for his career?

Perhaps it was as well he did, for investigation proved that in the Navy, Henry Bradwardine Jackson (55Kb) rose as high as it was possible to rise. His influence throughout the 1st World War was immense; The decorations collected a most impressive list; his impact on scientific developments in the Navy no less commendable.

Members may wish to know more of this son of Barnsley of whom they can be justifiably proud.
A résumé of his life would read as follows:-

1855 21 Dec Born in Barnsley into a family whose lineage can be traced back to Sir Jno Jackson, Knight of Edwardthorpe (now Edderthorpe) Darfield and Hickleton; c 1580.
1861 Being educated at home by a governess. Later educated at Chester and at Stubbington House, Fareham
1868 Dec At the age of 13, joined the Royal Navy
1878/79 Junior Lieutenant on board the Active on the African Station. Took part in the Zulu War.
1881 Lieutenant on board the Agincourt.
1881 Appointed to HMS Vernon, Torpedo School ship at Portsmouth.
1890 Jan Promoted to Commander
1895 In command of the Defiance (55Kb), Torpedo School Ship at Plymouth.
1896 Jun Promoted to the rank of Captain
1897 Appointed Naval attaché in Paris
1899 Given command of the torpedo depot ship Vulcan.
1901 Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his work in the field of Wireless Telegraphy.
1902 Appointed Assistant Director of Torpedoes at the Admiralty.
1903 Captain of Vernon.
1905 Appointed Third Sea Lord and Controller of the Navy.
1908 Appointed to command the Third (afterwards known as the Sixth) Cruiser Squadron in the Mediterranean.
1910 Represented the Admiralty at the International Conference on Aerial Navigation in Paris.
1911 Assumed the direction of of the newly created Royal Navy War College at Portsmouth, training the First World War Staff Officers.
1913 Appointed Chief of the War Staff at the Admiralty.
1914 War Nominated as Commander in Chief, Mediterranean, but instead of taking over that command, he was retained at the Admiralty.
1915 May Selected to succeed Lord Fisher as First Sea Lord.
1916 Dec Appointed President of the Royal Naval College at Greenwich.
1919 Jul Advanced to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet.
1917 -1919 Served as Principal Naval Aide-de Camp to King George V.
1924 Jul Retired from the Royal Navy.
1929 Jul Died at his home, Salterns House, Hayling Island. Buried in the neighbouring Churchyard. Memorial Service held in Westminster Abbey.

 

In 1890, Henry Jackson had married Alice Mary Florence, eldest daughter of Samuel Hawksley Burbury F.R.S. The marriage was childless.

Among his numerous honours were K.C.V.O (1906), the K.C.B (1910) and the G.C.B. (1916). he also received honorary degrees from Oxford, Cambridge and Leeds Universities. Foreign honours included Grand Cross of the Spanish Order of Naval Merit in 1909, The Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, and the Russian Order of the White Eagle. He was also a grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. For his scientific expertise, he was made Honorary Vice-President of the Institution of Naval Architects.

Henry Jackson was particularly interested in science, especially where it could be related to the Navy. At first, he studied navigation, then became interested in the mechanism of the torpedo. Later he conceived the idea of employing wireless waves to signal to a capital ship the approach of a friendly torpedo boat. Jackson made and experimented with many pieces of equipment designed for the sending and receiving of messages, and whilst master of the Defiance succeeded in transmitting signals from one end of the ship to the other.

In 1896, Jackson met Signor Guglielmo Marconi. The two pioneers had been working on parallel lines, but whereas Marconi was aiming at long distance wireless communication over land and sea, Jackson's main aim was to improve the communication service of the fleet. In 1900, he felt personally rewarded when a contract was given to Marconi to supply wireless installations to many Royal Navy ships.

During his time as Controller of the Navy, recommendations were approved for building the first turbine battleships ('Dreadnoughts') and the famous Invincible class of Battle-Cruiser. Among other types of warships designed under the general direction of Jackson were the Frobisher and Hawkins classes. He continued to be interested in in wireles telegraphy and in 1920 was appointed the first chairman of the Radio Research Board of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Under his guidance, and in his presence, important experiments were carried out, covering such things as propagation of wireless waves, the nature of atmospherics, radio direction finding and precise radio frequency measurements. More than 100 important papers were published. In 1926, the Royal Society presented him with his most prized award, that of the Hughes Medal in recognition of the great merit of his work. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to say that British prestige in the scientific aspects of radio telegraphy owes much to the guidance of Henry Bradwardine Jackson.

© Cynthia Dillon 1994


Mail for the author may be sent c/o The Secretary, Barnsley FHS, 58A High Street, Royston, Barnsley South Yorkshire S71 4RN United Kingdom.

The above article was first published in the Journal of the Barnsley Family History Society in January 1994. It is reproduced here by permission of the Committee & Editors.
All Rights Reserved

If you enjoyed this article about Henry Bradwardine Jackson, you may be interested in visiting one of Steve Johnson's many 'Cyber Heritage' sites, which provide extensive coverage of the 19th and 20th century Royal Navy in photographs, starting with HMS Defiance, Naval Torpedo and Submarine Mining School.

This page last updated 28th April 2000